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keyworkds:
Lenin - Revolution of 1905 - The Great Purge – Stalin – Trotsky
– Mayakovsky – Hitler – Mussolini – satirical drawings – J. F.
Kennedy – Cold War – Ben Gurion – Denikin – Pravda –
Izvestia - satirical magazine Krokodil.
synthesis:
born in 1900 - childhood – Russian revolution of 1905 –
War USSR/China – 1900's: a bloody Century – Both World Wars - The
Great Purge – Journalist brother Mikhail Kolzov arrested and
executed– suspicion and vindictiveness – Ovsyenko arrested and
executed – relationship with Stalin as a political cartoonist – death
risk for his family – Stalin shows interest for his drawings in 1937 -
Trotsky writes the introduction for his first collection of
drawings - Denikin first drawing– Lenin's last speech – Stalin's
humor – 1924 forbidden the drawings of Stalin – function of satire –
remorse for drawings on Trotsky - role of the UDDR as a political
potency– Russia today. Efimov shows collection of drawings: against
Nazism, cold war, economical crisis and military spending,
Marxism, secrets on J. F. Kennedy's death, aggressiveness in Israel,
Ben Gurion, drawings on political cartoonists, Mussolini. Role
of the satirical drawings as a a form of political propaganda – gift
from Stalin – political cartoonists as bad prophets – undervaluation
of Hitler – letters from readers. friendship with Mayakovsky – Efimov
reads poems byi Mayakovsky dedicated to him – cremation and funeral of
Mayakovsky.
subject
biography:
Born on September 15th at Kiev. In 1919 he moves to Moscow on
an invitation of his brother Mikhail Kolzov, famous journalist,
founder of the Ogoniok magazine, executed under the The Great
Purge years in the thirties. Starts working as a political cartoonist
in 1919 working for the newspapers Pravda, Izvestia,
for the weekly Ogoniok and the satirical magazine Krokodil
(crocodile). His first satirical character is the White
Gerneral Anton
Denikin. The drawings on this “revolution mortal enemy” together with
others on capitalism, counter-revolutionaries, political opponents,
and saboteurs are all included in the book The Political Caricatures
pubblishe first in 1924 and in which Lev Trotsky writes the introduction.
Makes
drawings on all of the bolshevist leaders published in Pravda's
supplement. In 1925 draws a caricature of Stalin, but its publication
gets prohibited by Stalin himself. He is able to draw his first
caricature of Mussolini without ever seing his picture.
An active combatant on the ideological front in the times of the
Cold War, he published
daily on the Pravda and on
the Izvestia
caricatures against the imperialists and the aggressors
at NATO. In 1947 Stalin in person calls Efimov
to ask for a caricature against Eisenhower in occasion of the Arms
Race. He has ceased to draw a few years ago. |
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